2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (CONTINUED) Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised for temporary differences at the tax rates expected to apply when the assets are realised or liabilities are settled, based on those tax rates which are enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. The relevant tax rates are applied to the cumulative amounts of deductible and taxable temporary differences to measure the deferred tax asset or liability. An exception is made for certain temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction, other than a business combination, that at the time of the transaction did not affect either accounting profit or taxable profit or loss. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses. Current and deferred tax balances attributable to amounts recognised directly in equity are also recognised directly in equity. Goods and services tax (GST) The financial statements have been prepared so that all components are presented exclusive of GST. All items in the statement of financial position are presented net of GST, with the exception of receivables and payables, which include GST invoiced. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprises cash and demand deposits held with established financial institutions and highly liquid investments, which have maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents are held to meet currently forecast short-term cash commitments. Short-term investments Short-term investments comprise short-term deposits, which have maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. When the Group is holding more short-term deposits than are required to meet currently forecast short-term cash commitments, these are held as short-term investments. Trade and other receivables The Group makes use of a simplified approach in accounting for trade and other receivables and records the loss allowance as lifetime expected credit losses. These are the expected shortfalls in contractual cash flows, considering the potential for default at any point during the life of the financial instrument. In calculating, the Group assesses trade receivables on an individual basis, and uses its historical experience, external indicators and forwardlooking information to calculate the expected credit losses. Contract assets Contract assets are recognised when the consolidated entity estimates the royalty income based on the quarterly sale of products that are produced using intellectual property, and the consolidated entity is yet to establish an unconditional right to consideration. Amounts are transferred to Trade Receivables when the final amount has been determined and invoiced to the customer. Contract assets are treated as financial assets for impairment purposes. Employee benefits Wages and salaries, annual leave, long service leave and superannuation Liabilities for wages and salaries, bonuses, annual leave, long service leave and superannuation expected to be settled within 12 months of the reporting date are recognised in accrued liabilities in respect of employees’ services up to the reporting date and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. Liabilities for non-accumulating personal leave are recognised when the leave is taken and measured at the rates paid or payable. Contributions are made by the Group to employee superannuation funds and are charged as expenses when the obligation to pay them arises. Share-based payments Neuren operates a loan funded share plan and share option plan. Both plans are accounted for as share options and the loan is not recognised as an asset. The fair value of the services received in exchange for the grant of the options or shares is recognised as an expense with a corresponding increase in the share option reserve over the vesting period. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period is determined by reference to the fair value of the options or shares at grant date. At each reporting date, except for options that are subject to a market condition for vesting, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest. It recognises the impact of these revisions, if any, in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income, and a corresponding adjustment to equity over the remaining vesting period. When options are exercised, the proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital. Financial instruments Recognition and derecognition Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limited Annual Report 2025 39
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