2. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION (CONTINUED) A financial liability is derecognised when it is extinguished, i.e. the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expired. Classification and initial measurement of financial assets Except for those trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component and are measured at the transaction price in accordance with NZ IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’, all financial assets are initially measured at fair value adjusted for transaction costs (where applicable). Financial assets, other than those designated and effective as hedging instruments, are classified into the following categories: – amortised cost – fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) – fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). In the periods presented the company does not have any financial assets categorised as FVOCI. The classification is determined by both: – the entity’s business model for managing the financial asset – the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. All income and expenses relating to financial assets that are recognised in profit or loss are presented within finance cost or finance income, except for impairment of trade receivables which is presented within other expenses. Subsequent measurement of financial assets Financial assets at amortised cost Financial assets are measured at amortised cost if the assets meet the following conditions (and are not designated as FVTPL): – they are held within a business model whose objective is to hold the financial assets and collect its contractual cash flows – the contractual terms of the financial assets give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. After initial recognition, these are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Group’s cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade receivables fall into this category of financial instruments. Classification and measurement of financial liabilities The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables and derivative financial liabilities. Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value, and, where applicable, adjusted for transaction costs. Subsequently, trade and other payables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Gains or losses on derivative financial instruments are recognised in profit or loss. 3. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are as discussed below. The Group has assessed that all research and development expenditure to date does not meet the requirements for capitalisation as an intangible asset because it is not yet probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow. The Group’s current assessment is that future expenditure will not meet that requirement prior to the approval of a New Drug Application by the US Food and Drug Administration. The Group is subject to income taxes in Australia because it is domiciled in that country. There are transactions and calculations undertaken during the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination may be uncertain. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the current and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made. The Group measures the fair value of loan funded shares and options to acquire ordinary shares with employees and consultants by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date at which they are granted. The estimated fair value of the shares is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the instruments were granted. Some judgements are made on the inputs into the valuation model, including the expected life and volatility. The Group accrues for royalty income with reference to the sales published by its partner, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limited Annual Report 2024 32
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